[中] [ENG] 舞台推介：永續建築點部署？

文：石育棓

全球暖化使四季交替模糊不清，而建築產業是全球碳排放的主要來源之一 ，劇場要推動社會進步，除了鼓勵更多環保議題的作品，也許可以以身作則，在場地硬件配套體現環境永續的精神。《舞蹈手札》編輯部今期搜羅了三個表演場地，一探世界各地的建築師在保持表演空間的功能與美觀的前提下，如何發揮創意在場地硬件設計中融入可持續發展的元素，減少能源消耗和碳排放等，為我們帶來新一代的綠化表演暨公共空間。

沙特阿拉伯皇家迪里耶歌劇院 Saudi Arabia’s Royal Diriyah Opera House

© Binyan（照片由 Snøhetta 提供 Photo provided by Snøhetta）

向傳統建築文化致敬：沙特阿拉伯皇家迪里耶歌劇院

選址沙特阿拉伯古老起源地迪里耶，皇家迪里耶歌劇院由跨國建築設計公司 Snøhetta 設計，計劃將於 2028 年完工，旨在創造全新的綠色文化地標。佔地 46000 平方米的歌劇院共有四個表演場地，各針對不同表演藝術形式的需要度身設計。位於頂層的 450 座露天劇場將是焦點場地，觀眾欣賞表演的同時可飽覽舞台後方的城市景觀，享受獨一無二的觀賞演出體驗。深受當地傳統泥磚建築（Najdi）啟發，建築師團隊將歌劇院各場地設計成一組緊密聚集的建築群，並策略性地規劃建築座向，以提供良好的遮蔭效果，應對當地猛烈的陽光。歌劇院建築群由開放通道相互連接，通道上將種植多樣化的植物，並安裝噴霧系統達到降溫效果，創造出供歌劇院觀眾以至廣大市民避暑乘涼的戶外公共空間。其他可持續發展策略包括採用節省能源和水資源的熱舒適策略、安裝太陽能發電系統供歌劇院使用、善用自然採光以減少對人工照明的依賴等。

湖邊木構盒中盒劇院：智利潘吉普伊藝術教育劇院

潘吉普伊藝術教育劇院建於 2022 年，是一所讓兒童、學校和當地居民學習和參與音樂、戲劇、繪畫、舞蹈和文學的藝術教育場所。據建築設計師團隊 Nicolás Norero、Tomás Villalón 和 Leonardo Quinteros，劇院的設計概念是「盒中盒」：方方正正的劇院外部為「大盒」，包覆著「細盒」，是一個250座位的劇場。舞台後方是一整幅落地玻璃幕牆，讓自然光進入劇場，觀眾在劇場內可欣賞潘吉普伊湖泊的景色。劇院外部結構採用了現今流行的可持續性建築物料：大型木構（mass timber）。大型木構建築的碳排放量遠低於傳統混凝土建築，抗震性能也更高，而且重量是後者的五分之一，組裝過程相對容易，有效降低人力和運輸成本，並縮短施工時間。盒中盒設計除了是美學的考慮，更是對應智利南部寒冷天氣、符合環保永續原則的策略，以物理結構達致建築恆溫，減少劇院使用者對暖氣的依賴。

美國 Bengt Sjostrom 星光劇院 The US’s Bengt Sjostrom Starlight Theatre

攝 Photo：Mike Graham（照片由 Studio Gang 提供 Photo provided by Studio Gang）

劇院上盛放星光之花：美國 Bengt Sjostrom 星光劇院

Bengt Sjostrom 星光劇院位於美國伊利諾斯州羅克福德 Rock Valley College 校園內，這個戶外社區劇場原建於 1983 年，美國建築設計工作室 Studio Gang 於 2001 年負責擴建工程，包括加建劇院上蓋、擴充座位等相關設施，工程於2003 年完工。加建的劇院上蓋不但延長了劇團的演出季，而且保證表演在下雨天可如常進行。在天氣明朗的日子，六塊可開收的三角形上蓋如花瓣打開，於觀眾席上方呈現六角星形狀的天空，就如劇院上盛放一朵星光之花，不但為觀眾帶來戲劇性的劇院體驗，也保留了原有的戶外劇場的氛圍。Studio Gang 向來致力於實踐環境保護的理念，劇院加建部分選用了木材作為主要建築物料，屬其眾多雀鳥友善的建築設計之一。全球雀鳥撞擊建築上反光玻璃幕牆的死亡個案屢見不鮮，這或許反映了過去的建築設計主要從人類角度出發。當我們開始思考人類和自然如何共用空間，並抱著對自然生態的關懷精神設計建築，便能進一步邁向永續建築。

==========

石育棓

寫作系畢業生。思路比身體更跳躍舞動，身體比嘴巴更能言善道。

How Do We “Stage” Sustainable Construction?

Text: Heidi Shek Yuk-pui

Translator: Chermaine Lee

智利潘吉普伊藝術教育劇院 Chile’s Educational Theatre of the Arts of Panguipulli

攝 Photo：Cristóbal Palma（照片由 dezeen 提供 Photo provided by dezeen）

The escalating climate crisis has blurred seasonal boundaries and the construction sector is one of the biggest sources of carbon emissions. In order to push for societal improvement, theatres can not only encourage more pieces on climate-related themes, but can also set an example by adopting the principles of sustainability in venue infrastructure.

In this edition, dance journal/hk explores three performance venues, offering a glimpse of how architects around the world incorporate elements of sustainability in venue design to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions with the premise of functionality and aesthetics. This has opened a new chapter for green performance venues and public spaces.

Salute to an Architectural Classic: Saudi Arabia’s Royal Diriyah Opera House

Located in the birthplace of Saudi Arabia, Diriyah, the Royal Diriyah Opera House is designed by a global architecture firm Snøhetta and is set to completed in 2028 as a new green cultural landmark. The 46,000sqm opera house compound consists of four performance venues, each customised for different types of performing arts. The prominent venue is a 450-seat amphitheatre on the rooftop, which allows the audience to enjoy performances with the city panorama as backdrop, offering them a unique theatre experience.

Taking inspiration from traditional mud-brick architecture known as Najdi, the architect team designed the performance venues as a cluster and oriented them strategically to offer shade and mitigate the impact of the scorching sun. The complex is linked by open passages with diverse plants and a water misting system will be installed to lower the temperature, creating an accessible outdoor space where opera house visitors and the general public can escape the heat and enjoy the cool air.

Other sustainable development strategies include thermal comfort strategies to reduce the energy and water usage, installation of solar panels that generate green energy for the opera house,  making use of natural light to reduce reliance on artificial lighting etc.

智利潘吉普伊藝術教育劇院 Chile’s Educational Theatre of the Arts of Panguipulli

攝 Photo：Cristóbal Palma（照片由 dezeen 提供 Photo provided by dezeen）

Lakeside Nested-box Theatre: Chile’s Educational Theatre of the Arts of Panguipulli

Built in 2022, the Educational Theatre of the Arts of Panguipulli is an arts education centre encompassing music, theatre, drawing, dancing and literature for children, schools and local residents. The theatre design uses a so-called “box within a box” concept, as explained by the architect team Nicolás Norero, Tomás Villalón and Leonardo Quinteros. The square exterior of the theatre is the “big box”, which encases the “small box”, a 250-seat theatre. A glass panel forms the rear wall of the stage, allowing natural light into the theatre while offering the audience a view of Panguipulli Lake.

The exterior of the theatre is made of mass timber, a modish and sustainable building material. Mass timber buildings emit much less carbon than their traditional concrete counterparts and come with a higher earthquake resistance. Only one-fifth of the weight of concrete buildings, mass timber buildings are easy to construct, reducing  labour and transportation costs, as well as shortening the construction time.

The nested box design combines aesthetics and environmentally-friendly principles tailored to southern Chile’s cold climate. The physical structure makes it possible to maintain a stable temperature indoors, reducing the theatre’s reliance on heating.

Theatre Under the Star: the US’s Bengt Sjostrom Starlight Theatre

Located at the Rock Valley College, Rockford, in the state of Illinois, the Bengt Sjostrom Starlight Theatre was an open-air community theatre built in 1983. Studio Gang, a US architecture design firm, took up the expansion of the venue in 2001 and completed in 2003. The expansion included adding seating and a roof for the theatre to allow shows to take place on rainy days. On fine days, six triangular roofs can open like the petals of a blooming flower, shaping a hexagonal skylight for the audience that adds to the dramatic experience and preserves the atmosphere of the original open-air theatre.

Studio Gang has long adopted environmental protection in its designs: the expansion of the theatre is constructed mainly of wood – an example of the bird-friendly architecture designs. Birds being killed by crashing into reflective glass surfaces has become prevalent worldwide, showing how in the past architectural design has been based mostly on human needs. Taking into account the sharing of space between humans and nature in an eco-friendly mindset is one of the first steps towards achieving sustainable architecture.

==========

Heidi Shek Yuk-pui

A graduate of creative writing. Let the mind dance and the body speak.